Dados do Trabalho

Título

History of insecticides in Brazil’s vector-borne diseases control with an emphasis on Aedes aegypti.

Objetivo(s)

The objective of this study was to review the use of insecticide classes applied to control Aedes aegypti, primary vector of arboviruses in Brazil.

Material e Métodos

Secondary data about insecticides were obtained from papers, published research, and PNCD technical recommendations for National Program to Dengue Control (PNCD), from 1901 to 2021.

Resultados e Conclusão

Historically, several compounds including petroleum derivatives, pyrethrum, sulfur and organochlorine (DDT) were utilized, temporarily, during campaigns until the 1980s. Since 1996 classes such as organophosphate (fenitrothion, malathion); pyrethroid (cypermethrin, alfacypermethrin, lambdacyalothrin, deltamethrin) carbamate (propoxur) and neonicotinoids (clothianidin, Imidacloprid) have been employed as adulticides in national territory. Throughout the PNCD, the temephos organophosphate larvicide was applied during 13 consecutive years (1996 to 2009) and others were employed for shorter periods such as entomopathogenic bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis-2001 to 2002); Insect growth regulators (diflubenzuron or novaluron-2009 to 2013, pyriproxyfen-2014 to 2019) and more recently (2020/2021 until now) larvicide based on spinosad and neonicotinoids adulticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid), following the strategy to prevent resistance on Ae. aegypti field populations. The results showed a disproportional use of organophosphorus between regions from 2003 to 2014, with highlight of southeast for malathion and northeast for temephos. Besides that, some of those insecticides were simultaneously applied for phlebotomines and triatomines control. Organophosphates and pyrethroids were used from 1982 to 1993 and 1986 to 2021 for phlebotomines, respectively, while the use of pyrethroids for the control of triatomines and anopheline mosquitoes have been registered since 1983 and 1986 until 2021. Although the programmes were carried out separately, probably there was a partially or complete overlap exposition of theses insects to the same groups of insecticides in many areas in the field. Consequently, this urges for the coordination between these control programs, particularly on managing insecticide resistance.

Palavras-chave

Control, mosquitoes, phlebotomine, triatomine, organophosphate, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators.