Dados do Trabalho

Título

Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients at the public hospital of Maringá, Paraná

Introdução

Severe cases of covid-19 have been linked to pre-existing diseases such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic heart problems.

Objetivo(s)

Our objective was to investigate the impact of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVRF) and/or pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with covid-19 treated at the Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá (HMM).

Material e Métodos

Retrospective study carried out from March to December 2020 through the analysis of medical records of patients with laboratory confirmation of covid-19 treated at the covid-19 unit of the HUM, located in the city of Maringá, Paraná. Patients were divided into two groups: 1 - with pre-existing CVRF or CVD; and 2- no pre-existing CVRF or CVD. CVRF was defined as a history of SAH, DM and obesity, and as CVD coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and other chronic heart diseases.

Resultados e Conclusão

Out of 115 patients evaluated, 68 (59.1%) had pre-existing CVRF or CVD, among these conditions, SAH (n=55; 80.9%) was the most common, followed by DM (n=41; 60, 3%) and obesity (n=20; 29.4%). Among the CVDs, CAD and CHF were mentioned, representing 2.9% (n=2) of the cases. The most frequent associations of CVRF were SAH and DM in 48.5% of cases (n=33), followed by SAH and obesity with 19.1% (n=13). Nine patients (13.2%) had three pre-existing conditions: SAH, DM and obesity. The mean age of patients with CVRF or CVD was 67.7 years, significantly higher (p=0.0001) than that of patients without CVRF or CVD (55.7 years). The number of patients with CVRF or CVD increased with age (p<0.0001), as did the number of patients requiring treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p=0.01). The number of the latter was almost 3 times higher among patients with CVRF or CVD compared with those without these conditions (44.1% vs 29.8%; Odds Ratio = 2.65; p=0.02). The mean length of stay and the case fatality rate were 11.7 days and 19.1% for patients with CVRF or CVD versus 9.1 days and 14.9% for patients who did not have these conditions, with no statistical difference.

Covid-19 patients with advanced age, associated with one or more pre-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease or CVD, had a worse clinical outcome, progressing more to severe disease and death.

Palavras-chave

Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus infection; risk factors; cardiovascular diseases.