Dados do Trabalho

Título

Space-time dependency and spatial association between socioeconomic vulnerability conditions and the frequency of animal sporotrichosis cases in Feira de Santana, BA.

Introdução

Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the fungus Sporothrix, with felines being its main transmitters.

Objetivo (s)

This study aimed to describe the cases of animal sporotrichosis in the municipality of Feira de Santana, BA, from January 2020 to May 2023.

Material e Métodos

Georeferenced epidemiological information was collected for the animals attended by the Center for Zoonosis Control (CCZ). The Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) was calculated based on the 2010 Census. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using EpiInfo 7.2, space-time permutation analysis using SatScan, and cluster formation between case frequency and HVI using the bivariate Moran's autocorrelation index with the GeoDA program

Resultados e Conclusão

During the study period, there were 425 occurrences of sporotrichosis, with 392 cases diagnosed by clinical or epidemiological criterion (92.2%; 95%CI: 89.3-94.4) and 33 cases (7.7%; 95%CI: 5.6-10.7) with isolation of Sporothrix, predominantly in cats (419, 98.6%; 95%CI: 97.0-99.3). The data shows that the majority of the animals were adults (327, 76.9%; 95%CI: 72.7-80.7), males (252, 59.3%; 95%CI: 54.6-64), and vaccinated against rabies (158, 37.0%; 95%CI: 32.7-42.0). Clinically, they mainly presented nodules (217, 51.0%; 95%CI: 46.3-55.8) on the head (179, 42.1%; 95%CI: 37.5-46.8), along with associated sneezing (254, 58.8%; 95%CI: 55.0-64.3). Most cases were urban (333; 78.4%; 95%CI: 74.2-82.0), with owners (318, 75%; 95%CI: 70.5-78.7), living in houses (316, 70.4%; 95%CI: 70-78.3) with soil (144, 33.9%; 95%CI: 29.5-38.5) and organic matter (182, 42.9%; 95%CI: 38.2-47.6). Of these cases, 213 domiciled animals had access to the street (50.1%; 95%CI: 45.4-55), 200 (47.1%; 95%CI: 42.2-52) reported other animals suspected of the disease, and in the neighborhood (318, 74.8%; 95%CI: 70.5-78.7). Eight clusters of sporotrichosis cases were detected, with three of them spatially related, comprising 41 cases from November 2021 to January 2023. Other clusters did not overlap spatially. High case frequency and low HVI were detected in 30 sectors, especially in neighborhoods where the first cases occurred. The rapid spread of the disease, including in domiciled animals, highlights the need for awareness of the risks, the importance of early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to contain its dissemination. Collaboration between animal and human health professionals is essential to minimize the risk of human infection.

Palavras-chave

Sporothrix, zoonoses

Agradecimentos

thanks to Feira de Santana zoonosis control center