Dados do Trabalho

Título

Detection of Adenovirus in free-living non-human primates in the state of Bahia

Introdução

The state of Bahia is rich in non-human primate (NHP) species that, like other wildlife, have their geographical distribution and diversity threatened by anthropogenic actions on already heavily impacted natural environments. The presence of genetically related infectious agents to human pathogens can alert to the risk of zoonoses and spill-over.

Objetivo (s)

This study aimed to detect viruses of the Adenoviridae family in free-living and captive NHPs inhabiting various biomes in the state of Bahia.

Material e Métodos

Callithrix spp. and Leontopithecus spp. were captured using Tomahawk traps, chemically immobilized in the field with isoflurane and the VetBag® anesthetic backpack. Anesthetic darts (Dist-inject®) with ketamine and dexmedetomidine were used for the capture of Alouatta spp. and Sapajus. Each anesthetized NHP underwent a complete physical examination, vital signs monitoring, and collection of biological samples, such as rayon swabs from the oral and rectal cavities, stored in cryogenic tubes in liquid nitrogen or at -80°C until laboratory analysis. Viral DNA detection was performed using nested-PCR Pan-adenovirus on the extracted samples using commercial kits in a semi-automated system.

Resultados e Conclusão

A total of 183 rectal swabs and 189 oral swabs were collected. Adenovirus (AdV) was detected in 11 (5.8%; 95% CI: 3.42-10.44) oral swabs and 31 (16.9%; 95% CI: 11.81-22.35) rectal swabs. The frequency by genus was 13.3% in Callithrix spp (n=139), 10.6% in Leontopithecus chrysomelas (n=46), 25.0% in Sapajus (n=2), and 0.0% in Alouatta caraya (n=2). The samples were collected from urban and peri-urban areas in 22 municipalities across three biomes, with positive animals found in 12 (54.54%) collection points, highlighting a positivity rate of 30.77% (95% CI: 18.57-46.53) in animals collected in the municipality of Ilhéus, a region with high anthropogenic impact. Significant genetic variability is reported among NHP Adenoviruses, and comparisons with human-origin viruses support the hypothesis of recent spill-over events, which can occur in regions of intense human activity where wild and synanthropic NHP populations persist, as studied in this work. The impact of anthropization on these species is evident, and interdisciplinary One Health approaches are necessary to evaluate the impact of AdVs on the conservation of NHP species.

Palavras-chave

Adenovirus, non-human primates, zoonosis

Agradecimentos

FAPESB, SESAB